Psychedelics and Ontological Shock

During or after intense psychedelic experiences – typically elicited by taking a high dose, or a synergistic drug combination – one may find oneself in a state known as ontological shock. This is when reality, or one’s experience of reality, has been transformed so profoundly that it induces a visceral feeling of shock. However, this…

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The Neuroscience of Out-of-Body Experiences

An out-of-body experience (OBE) is an altered state of consciousness in which someone feels their conscious awareness has left the confines of their physical body, able to perceive the outside world from a different vantage point. During an OBE, it is common for people to report seeing their body from a distance or to be…

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What Makes Someone a Philosopher?

Nowadays, it seems the title ‘philosopher’ is applied quite liberally. For instance, some fans of Jordan Peterson think he’s a philosopher (and even one of the greatest modern philosophers). This is despite the fact that he’s never claimed to be one, his training is as a psychologist, and he misunderstands and mischaracterises philosophers and philosophical…

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When Should You Challenge the Insights You Have on Psychedelics?

One of the characteristics of the psychedelic mystical experience is the noetic quality: the feeling of profound insight (this is the focus of Chapter 2 in my book Altered Perspectives). This type of insight is felt to be authoritative, that is, an incontrovertible revelation. However, insights that carry an authoritative truth can occur in non-mystical…

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Why Are So Many Psychonauts Attracted to the Simulation Hypothesis?

The simulation hypothesis – the proposal that we live in a computer-generated reality – is a philosophical idea that many psychonauts embrace. While tripping, or post-trip, this hypothesis can seem a lot more likely to be true; in fact, it can appear undeniably true. On the subreddit r/SimulationTheory, psychedelic experiences are often discussed and viewed…

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